In July 2003 an international conference was held in Edinburgh: Psychology & Law: International, Inter-disciplinary, Conference. This was the second international and inter-disciplinary conference, supported by the American Psychology-Law Society (AP-LS), the Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law (ANZAPP&L), and the European Association of Psychology & Law (EAP&L). It was also the 2003 annual conference of the EAP&L. One of the tracks focused on the research regarding issues such as false confessions; the reliability of assessing verbal and nonverbal behavior for indications of truth or deception; interviewing techniques in child abuse case, etc.